Ascites

 Ascites Overview

Ascites is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, specifically within the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneal cavity is the space between the abdominal organs and the abdominal wall.

The most common cause of ascites is liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, which is scarring of the liver. When the liver is damaged, it can lead to increased pressure in the veins that carry blood from the intestines to the liver (portal hypertension). This increased pressure forces fluid to accumulate in the abdominal cavity. Other causes of ascites include heart failure, kidney disease, certain types of cancer, and infections like tuberculosis or peritonitis.

Symptoms of ascites can vary depending on the amount of fluid accumulated. Mild cases may not cause noticeable symptoms, while more significant ascites can lead to abdominal distension, weight gain, and a feeling of fullness or heaviness in the abdomen. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, and decreased appetite.

Diagnosis of ascites involves a physical examination, medical history review, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scans. In some cases, a sample of the fluid (ascitic fluid) may be taken through a procedure called paracentesis for further analysis.

Treatment for ascites aims to address the underlying cause and manage the symptoms. This may involve dietary changes, such as reducing salt intake to minimize fluid retention, as well as medications to increase urine output (diuretics) and reduce fluid accumulation. In more severe cases, therapeutic paracentesis or the placement of a shunt (TIPS procedure) may be necessary to drain the excess fluid.

It's important for individuals with ascites to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage the condition effectively and monitor for complications.