White Blood Cells (WBCs) in CBC

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

White blood cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are a crucial component of the immune system. They play a vital role in protecting the body against infections and foreign substances. WBCs are produced in the bone marrow and circulate throughout the bloodstream and lymphatic system.

There are several types of white blood cells, each with its specific functions:

1. Neutrophils: Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells and are often the first to arrive at the site of infection. They are highly efficient in engulfing and destroying bacteria and fungi.

2. Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes are responsible for adaptive immune responses. They are further divided into two main types: B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells). B cells produce antibodies that help in neutralizing pathogens, while T cells directly attack infected cells or coordinate immune responses.

3. Monocytes: Monocytes are large white blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream. When they enter tissues, they mature into macrophages or dendritic cells. Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy pathogens, cellular debris, and foreign substances. Dendritic cells are essential for initiating and coordinating immune responses.

4. Eosinophils: Eosinophils are involved in combating parasitic infections, particularly helminths. They also play a role in allergic reactions and asthma by releasing chemicals that control inflammation.

5. Basophils: Basophils are the least common type of white blood cells. They release substances such as histamine and heparin, which are involved in allergic responses and inflammation.

The normal range of white blood cell count in the blood varies but typically falls between 4,500 and 11,000 white blood cells per microliter. An abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells (leukocytosis) can indicate an infection, inflammation, or certain diseases. Conversely, a decrease in white blood cell count (leukopenia) can result from certain medications, autoimmune disorders, or bone marrow problems.

White blood cell disorders, such as leukemia or lymphoma, can affect the production, function, or balance of these cells and may require medical attention and treatment.